To pass a variable to Twig, the array must contain such a key.
Example:
$query = $this->connection->createQueryBuilder();
$users = $query
->select('id', 'username')
->from('users')
->executeQuery()
->fetchAllAssociative() ?: [];
$viewData = [
'users' => $users,
];
return $this->twig->render($response, 'loop.html.twig', $viewData);